Essays on CRIMINAL JUSTICE: JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
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PROPOSITION 21.
Term Paper ID:30796
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Essay Subject:
Examines the 2000 California ballot measure.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
7 sources, 22 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the 2000 California ballot measure. Presents argument for and against the "get-tough" initiative which passed. Changes in the juvenile justice system resulting from Prop 21. Legal definition of juvenile. Philosophy of juvenile courts. Issues of public safety, youth gangs, growing violence of juvenile crimes, treatment of juveniles. Contends the inititative is flawed.
Paper Introduction:
Juvenile crime has become one of America’s most prominent issues, even as the overall crime rate has declined to the lowest point in decades. Several celebrated cases have helped create an image of teenagers run amok and younger and younger kids committing major felonies. Once apprehended, these children enter a juvenile justice system that many claim utilizes an outdated approach. In some cases, murderers have gone free at age 25 simply because that is the incarceration limit for the juvenile justice system.
In response, an advocacy group placed a get-tough measure (called Proposition 21) on the California ballot. This initiative, which passed overwhelmingly (62 percent to 38 percent), calls for dramatic changes in the juvenile justice system. This paper will examine Proposition 21, highlighting the argum
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JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR JUVENILE CRIME.
Term Paper ID:30672
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Essay Subject:
Discusses the pros and cons of a separate juvenile system.... More...
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8 Pages / 1800 Words
6 sources, 16 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the pros and cons of a separate juvenile system. Arguments and opinions on whether age should determine an individual's guilt and criminality. Contends that children who break the law should be treated differently from adults. The roots of juvenile justice as a concept in America. Public attitudes. Age and criminal intent.
Paper Introduction:
This paper is a discussion of the pros and cons of having a separate system of justice to deal with juvenile crime. Since the first courts were established to provide for different ways of dealing with youthful offenders, American society has gone through alternating waves in its opinions about whether age should determine an individual=s culpability and what the primary purpose of juvenile justice should be. Research has tried to find out whether more severe penalties or the assignment of certain crimes to adult courts, despite the age of the perpetrator, have any effects on the frequency or the rate of recidivism of especially violent crimes, with mixed results. The system as it exists treats younger offenders inconsistently, often depriving them of rights which are routinely part of the adult system. Most experts agree that juvenile justice in Ameri
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YOUTH GANGS.
Term Paper ID:29657
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Essay Subject:
Gangs as a social subculture.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
7 sources, 9 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Gangs as a social subculture. Origins of youth-gang membership. Causes. Sociology of gangs and gang participation. Linkage of youth to violent antisocial or criminal behavior. Gang dynamics. Personal support offered by gang members. Psychosocial and sociocultural theories of Latino gang membership. Cites studies on the subject.
Paper Introduction:
The purpose of this research is to evaluate reports of studies regarding the origins of youth-gang membership. The research will set forth a general statement of the sociology of gangs as a social subculture and then discuss five accounts of research into the phenomenon of gang participation. Referring to study design and methods researchers used to address and understand the variety of issues that present themselves where youth gangs are concerned, the research will also suggest a way of studying gang membership, including its causes and the content of gang dynamics.
The fact that youth gangs are linked to violent and other antisocial or criminal behavior is a commonplace of modern experience. Examples of school violence in Littleton, Colorado, and Jonesboro, Arkansas, in recent years show that gang membe
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JUVENILE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR.
Term Paper ID:29391
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Essay Subject:
Discusses the role of gender.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
10 sources, 34 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses the role of gender. Problem of juvenile crime in general. Theories and research on the topic. Increase of anti-social behavior on the part of youth and youth sub-groups. Causal factors such as the cultural structure of American society. Loss of moral authority of family and community. Gender differences in aggressive behaviors.
Paper Introduction:
THEORETICAL REVIEW OF GENDER AS A CORRELATED OF JUVENILE CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
Introduction
This research develops a theoretical review of gender as a correlated of juvenile criminal behavior. The review establishes to problem of juvenile criminal behavior, examines theories and research involving juvenile criminal behavior and the role of gender, and suggests an alternative theoretical model for addressing the role of gender in juvenile criminal behavior.
The Problem of Juvenile Criminal Behavior
Criminal anti-social behavior on the part of youth is shockingly high. Further, the frequency of such behavior is increasing among some sub-groups, of which one consists of juven
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GANGS.
Term Paper ID:28966
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Essay Subject:
Research design & literature review on why young men join gangs.... More...
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18 Pages / 4050 Words
24 sources, 33 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Research design & literature review on why young men join gangs. Cites nature & changing image of gangs. Historical definitions of gangs; their characteristics; family factors. Focus on current delinquent gang activities that are criminal & threaten the greater society. Discusses different theories. Includes Methodology, Research Design, sample & data analyses to be used, Survey instruments. 1 Table.
Paper Introduction:
INTRODUCTION
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
History of Gangs
The term "gang" originally had no negative connotations. In Old English, the term simply referred to a number of people who went around together as a group (Osman, 1999). Today, a gang is commonly defined in four ways:
1. An organized group with a leader.
2. A unified group that usually remains together during peaceful times as well as times of conflict.
3. A group whose members show unity through their language and clothing.
4. A group whose activities are criminal and threatening to
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JUVENILE DELINQUENCY THEORIES.
Term Paper ID:28767
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Essay Subject:
Discuses research studies on gangs, broken homes, immature behavior, situational behavior, career criminality.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
9 sources, 37 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discuses research studies on gangs, broken homes, immature behavior, situational behavior, career criminality.
Paper Introduction:
Criminology: Theories of Juvenile Delinquency
I. Introduction
Criminology, which encompasses all study of criminal behavior, has long been concerned with the roots of juvenile delinquency. In many cases, juveniles with a history of delinquent behavior graduate into adult career criminals, and many researchers and sociologists believe that crime in the United States can be reduced by addressing the causes of juvenile delinquency. Unfortunately, there is no single universally accepted theory of juvenile delinquency. Rather, juvenile delinquency appears to occur at the convergence of numerous causative factors.
Research has indicated that today street gangs exist in 94 percent of a
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CAUSES & TREATMENT OF VIOLENT JUVENILE CRIME IN U.S.
Term Paper ID:28754
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Essay Subject:
Study rationale, purpose, research methods to be used. Extensive literature review examines confliciting theories, risk factors & treatments. Abstract. Table of Contents.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
57 sources, 34 Citations,
APA Format
$112.00
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Paper Abstract:
Study rationale, purpose, research methods to be used. Extensive literature review examines confliciting theories, risk factors & treatments. Abstract. Table of Contents.
Paper Introduction:
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper will be to investigate the conflicting theories on causes and treatment of violent juvenile crime in the United States. A review of the literature on the proposed subject will be performed and findings will be critically analyzed to provide an integration of information.
The literature review to be analyzed will include the following subjects relevant to the topic: an introduction to juvenile crime, with trends and prevalence, state and federal activities, and criminal justice; conflicting theories, with the POM theory, social control theory, social bonding theory, and containment theory; causes of juvenile crime, including risk
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STUDIES EXPLAINING DELINQUENCY.
Term Paper ID:28697
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Essay Subject:
Discusses various theories, problems that cause delinquency, esp. among inner-city youth.... More...
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5 Pages / 1125 Words
3 sources, 24 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses various theories, problems that cause delinquency, esp. among inner-city youth.
Paper Introduction:
Explaining Delinquency
The studies undertaken by Thornberry, Moore and Christenson (1985), Wells and Rankin (1991) and Fagan, Weis and Cheng (1990) attempted to examine the relationship between dropping out of school, broken homes and substance use and delinquency, respectively. Essentially, each study did determine that such a relationship exists, but each also determined that these relationships are considerably more complex than they may initially appear.
Thornberry et al. (1985) attempted to determine the effect of dropping out of high school on an individual's subsequent criminal behavior. They noted that strain and control theories of delinquent behavior offered divergent assessments of the relationship between school and delinquency, particularly for lower-class youths. Stra
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VIOLENT JUVENILE CRIME IN U.S.
Term Paper ID:28549
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Essay Subject:
Proposal based on a review of literature re: conflicting theories of causes & treatments.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
57 sources, 36 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Proposal based on a review of literature re: conflicting theories of causes & treatments.
Paper Introduction:
CONFLICTING THEORIES ON CAUSES & TREATMENT
OF VIOLENT JUVENILE CRIME IN THE U.S.
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
The literature has provided an extensive overview regarding youth and violent crime. A historic look at adolescent crime shows that murders committed by teens between the ages 14 and 17, increased 165% between 1985 and 1995. This number was feared to double by the year 2010. Drugs were blamed as were gangs and guns. Juvenile homicides are usually committed with handguns (90%). Childhood abuse was also thought to be a factor. Incarceration is viewed by some to be the answer, however effectiveness and a cost benefit ratio of this solution has not yet been determined (Crispell, 1997, p. 42).
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MEDIATION IN JUVENILE COURT.
Term Paper ID:28510
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Essay Subject:
Discusses mediation as a cost-effective, valuable tool in juvenile justice system. Its purpose, how it works, problems.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
9 sources, 30 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Discusses mediation as a cost-effective, valuable tool in juvenile justice system. Its purpose, how it works, problems.
Paper Introduction:
MEDIATION IN JUVENILE COURT
This research paper discusses the use of mediation in dependency and other proceedings in juvenile courts and assesses its effectiveness. Mediation is used in dependency proceedings and in other cases involving status offenses, misdemeanors and occasionally more serious first time offenses, often in conjunction with victim-offender reconciliation efforts. In general, mediation has proved to be a cost-effective method of relieving juvenile court congestion and dealing with relatively minor juvenile offenses in a manner which optimizes familial, community, and victim involvement and at the same time serving the best interests of the juvenile offenders involved. Mediation is not, however, very effective in addressing the problem of hard core violent juvenile crime and its effectiveness is
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JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEMS.
Term Paper ID:28270
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Essay Subject:
Compares system in the U.S. & in Japan. Contrasts crime rates, interventions, strategies, effectiveness. 3 Tables.... More...
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14 Pages / 3150 Words
15 sources, 36 Citations,
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$112.00
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Paper Abstract:
Compares system in the U.S. & in Japan. Contrasts crime rates, interventions, strategies, effectiveness. 3 Tables.
Paper Introduction:
Juvenile Justice in the U.S. and Japan: A Comparison
Introduction
In the United States, the public and politicians alike perceive a significant and frightening increase in youth crime and violence; concerns about the capacity of the juvenile justice system to rehabilitate chronic and violent youthful offenders while simultaneously protecting public safety accompany the growing fear of youth crime (Feld, 1999). In Japan, where the juvenile justice system has been characterized as incorporating Franco-Germano-American ingredients (Kitamura, 1993), juvenile crime is substantially less than in the United States. The official murder rates per 100,000 population in Japan, and the official theft rates in that country are one-sixth and one-fourth those of the United States, respectively; similarly, juvenile
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VIOLENT JUVENILE CRIME.
Term Paper ID:28158
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Essay Subject:
Overview of literature & conflicting theories on causes & treatment in U.S. Increase in crime, risk factors, prevention strategies.... More...
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13 Pages / 2925 Words
57 sources, 31 Citations,
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$104.00
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Paper Abstract:
Overview of literature & conflicting theories on causes & treatment in U.S. Increase in crime, risk factors, prevention strategies.
Paper Introduction:
CONFLICTING THEORIES ON CAUSES & TREATMENT
OF VIOLENT JUVENILE CRIME IN THE U.S.
Introduction
The literature has provided an extensive overview regarding youth and violent crime. A historic look at adolescent crime shows that murders committed by teens between the ages 14 and 17, increased 165% between 1985 and 1995. This number was feared to double by the year 2010. Drugs were blamed as were gangs and guns. Juvenile homicides are usually committed with handguns (90%). Childhood abuse was also thought to be a factor. Incarceration is viewed by some to be the answer, however effectiveness and a cost benefit ratio of this solution has not yet been determined (Crispell, 1997, p. 42).
From the 1980s to 1994, juvenile crime in the U.S. was on
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YOUTH VIOLENCE.
Term Paper ID:28062
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Essay Subject:
Examines theories & studies of violent crimes & juvenile delinquency; juvenile justice system; treatment.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
10 sources, 12 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
Examines theories & studies of violent crimes & juvenile delinquency; juvenile justice system; treatment.
Paper Introduction:
Introduction
The issue of youth violence is one very much in the news since the Columbine High School shootings of almost exactly a year ago. But while this killing spree is perhaps the most striking example of people under the age of 18 intentionally committing violent acts against other people, Columbine is in fact only one in a series of cases of juvenile violence, even simply one in a series of school shootings. And these school shootings can be seen as merely the natural development of other kinds of less lethal juvenile violence extending back as far as history is recorded.
The escalation of violence in the crimes committed by people under age 18 has received a great deal of attention in the psychological literature of the past decade, and so this literature review of youth vi
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Few Successes & Many Failures in the American System of Juvenile Corrections
Term Paper ID:27834
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Essay Subject:
Examines the tension between the twin missions of punishment & rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system.... More...
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13 Pages / 2925 Words
13 sources, 22 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the tension between the twin missions of punishment & rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system.
Paper Introduction:
The American system of juvenile corrections has numerous failures and few successes, and it is a system in crisis as the inner cities produce more and more street gangs, violence, and troubled youth. There are many reasons for the increase in these problems, and the programs developed to cope with them have not kept pace with the rate of change and have not served well to control juveniles or to address their problems. Yet, new programs are suggested all the time, showing that there is a realization of the need and an attempt to come to terms with it. There has long been a tension in the system between the twin missions of punishment and rehabilitation, just as there is in the adult criminal justice system. With juveniles, however, there is the added belief that the offenders are less responsible
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American Juvenile System in Crisis
Term Paper ID:27692
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Essay Subject:
Reviews the history, goals & effectiveness of the specialized juvenile criminal justice system in the United States.... More...
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12 Pages / 2700 Words
14 sources, 15 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Reviews the history, goals & effectiveness of the specialized juvenile criminal justice system in the United States.
Paper Introduction:
INTRODUCTION
The American juvenile justice system is considered a system in crisis. It is not only overloaded by increased delinquency, and at that by increasingly violent acts of delinquency by inner city gangs in particular, but it is also a system seen as ineffective at the best of times. There has long been a tension in the system between the twin missions of punishment and rehabilitation, just as there is in the adult criminal justice system. With juveniles, however, there is the added belief that the offenders are less responsible for their actions than are adults, that the system has a role as substitute parent, and that alternatives to incarceration are particularly valuable to meld these missions. However, as juvenile crime has increased in incidence and severity, the public has become less patient and
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Female Juvenile Delinquents: Causes & Consequences
Term Paper ID:27622
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Essay Subject:
Examines juvenile crime with emphasis on female offenders.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
3 sources, 16 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines juvenile crime with emphasis on female offenders.
Paper Introduction:
FEMALE JUVENILE DELINQUENTS:
CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
CAUSES OF FEMALE JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The past several decades has seen an increase crime in America. Crime is becoming more and more prevalent, not just in society as a whole, but among juveniles as well. While this problem affects both males and females, most attention and study has been given to male juvenile offenders.
Compared to male offenders, female offenders have received little empirical attention. ...Female offenders constitute a relatively small proportion of criminal offenders. ...About 18% of adults and juveniles who were arrested in 1992 in the United States were females (U.S. Department of Justice,
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Juvenile Corrections System: Chicano Street Gangs
Term Paper ID:27262
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Essay Subject:
Examines the contributing factors & possible solutions to youth crime, especially Chicano youth gangs.... More...
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3 Pages / 675 Words
2 sources, 7 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines the contributing factors & possible solutions to youth crime, especially Chicano youth gangs.
Paper Introduction:
The American system of juvenile corrections has numerous failures and few successes, and it is a system in crisis as the inner cities produce more and more street gangs, violence, and troubled youth. There are many reasons for the increase in these problems, and the programs developed to cope with them have not kept pace with the rate of change and have not served well to control juveniles or to address their problems. Yet, new programs are suggested all the time, showing a realization of the need and attempts to come to terms with it.
Vigil (1988) writes specifically about Chicano street gangs in Los Angeles, but much of what he says about these young people apply as well to young people in other urban situations and other ethnic groups. He notes the increase in gang violence and crime and considers some of the reasons for this increase, reasons found
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JUVENILES IN ADULT JUSTICE SYSTEM.
Term Paper ID:26816
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Essay Subject:
Pros & cons on diverting juvenile offenders to adult court & jails.... More...
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7 Pages / 1575 Words
7 sources, 10 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Pros & cons on diverting juvenile offenders to adult court & jails.
Paper Introduction:
INTRODUCTION
Children today represent a dichotomy for many people, one that instills both hope and fear, as is indicated in the following statement by Michael P. Brown:
Children have been described as our future, our greatest resource, and our hope for a better tomorrow. For many Americans, though, children invoke fear. They represent violence, a segment of society lacking in self control and devoid of ethics and morals, and the failure of the family to instill traditional values: chief among them being the value of human life and respect for others (Brown).
Such views have led to calls for a change in the criminal justice system in order to increase the punishment possible for certain young offenders, es
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JUVENILE DELIQUENCY & SOCIOECONOMICS.
Term Paper ID:26735
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Essay Subject:
Examines relationship between youth crime & lower socioeconomic status.... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
8 sources, 30 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines relationship between youth crime & lower socioeconomic status.
Paper Introduction:
Juvenile justice system statistics of delinquent behavior, as compared to self report studies, fail to accurately reflect the extent of delinquency in the middle class. As such, the juvenile justice system purports that delinquency predominately occurs among lower class minors. The extent of middle class delinquency and its varieties, however, show that socioeconomic status does play a role in the outcome of these cases, revealing biases within the juvenile justice process along the way.
When many people think of juvenile delinquents, poor, minority children come to mind. This is not an altogether inaccurate supposition, although not necessarily for the reasons one might be inclined to expect. Socioeconomic facto
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VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS.
Term Paper ID:26667
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Essay Subject:
Causes & effects, statistics, types, weapons, gangs, race, media, politics, possible solutions, focusing on high schools.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
10 sources, 11 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Causes & effects, statistics, types, weapons, gangs, race, media, politics, possible solutions, focusing on high schools.
Paper Introduction:
Violence in American High Schools
Introduction
The more publicly visible and horrifying acts of violence in American high schools, and junior high schools, this past year have just been the tip of the iceberg. Violence in American schools has increased dramatically - often associated with youth gang activity. In looking at some recent figures for the school year 1996-1997, there were 4,000 cases of rape and sexual assault reported. There were also over 11,000 cases of physical assault reported, including assaults with weapons. This seems to be correlated, to some extent, with an increase in youth gang violence which has more than doubled during the past two decades (Owens, 1999).
Violence i
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JUVENILE CRIME & JUSTICE.
Term Paper ID:26553
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Essay Subject:
Summarizes & examines three articles on delinquency & relates their ideas to theories in "Juvenuile Justice" (J. Whitehead & S. Lab).... More...
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9 Pages / 2025 Words
6 sources, 17 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Summarizes & examines three articles on delinquency & relates their ideas to theories in "Juvenuile Justice" (J. Whitehead & S. Lab).
Paper Introduction:
The purpose of this research is to examine three articles dealing with crime and delinquency. The plan of the research will be to provide a summary of each of the articles and then to relate what the articles themselves say, as appropriate, to certain theories of delinquency and crime discussed in Whitehead and Lab's text Juvenile Justice: An Introduction, with a view toward providing an interpretation and opinion of them.
Schwartz, Ira M., Rendon, Jose A., and Hsieh, Chang-Ming. "Is Child Maltreatment a Leading Cause of Delinquency?" Child Welfare 73 (September 1994): 639-655.
This article is a forceful criticism of the public-policy focus on juvenile justice as the remedy for and appropriate response to delinquency and juvenile crime, by way of a criticism of th
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YOUTH CRIME.
Term Paper ID:26543
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Essay Subject:
Examines causes of juvenile criminal behavior. Theories (conflict, labeling, interactionism), motivation, gangs, drugs, violence, possible solutions.... More...
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32 Pages / 7200 Words
30 sources, 66 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Examines causes of juvenile criminal behavior. Theories (conflict, labeling, interactionism), motivation, gangs, drugs, violence, possible solutions.
Paper Introduction:
AN INVESTIGATION OF YOUTH VIOLENCE & OTHER CRIMINAL BEHAVIORS BY YOUNG PEOPLE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Number
Chapter
1 - INTRODUCTION .............................. 1
Statement of the Problem .................. 1
Purpose of the Study ...................... 1
Method .................................... 2
Structure of the Study .................... 2
2 - TRENDS IN CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR ............... 3
Trends in Juvenile Crime .................. 3
Causal Attributions ....................... 5
3 - EXPLANATIONS: AN ANALYSIS ................. 9
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YOUTHFUL MINOR OFFENDERS.
Term Paper ID:26089
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Essay Subject:
Research proposal to determine if justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders. Recidivism, stigmatization, at-risk youths.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
7 sources, 8 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
Research proposal to determine if justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders. Recidivism, stigmatization, at-risk youths.
Paper Introduction:
The Effects of the Criminal Justice System on Criminal Behavior:
Are Youthful Minor Offenders Condemned for Life?
I. Statement of the Problem
Recidivism is the propensity of persons convicted of criminal behavior to continue and even expand that behavior after leaving the care of the criminal justice system. Recidivism rates of up to 90% have been reported (Brier, 1994, 215). Thus, prior involvement with crime is often the single best predictor of future involvement with crime. The unanswered question, however, is whether past criminal behavior alone is the major culprit, or whether there is an intervening variable that enhances the potential for future crime. There is evidence that the criminal justice system is little more than a crime
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HISTORY OF JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM, 1899-1975.
Term Paper ID:25930
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Essay Subject:
Origins, purposes, philosophy, compared to adult system, focusing on procedural safeguards of 1960-70s.... More...
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6 Pages / 1350 Words
4 sources, 12 Citations,
MLA Format
$48.00
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Paper Abstract:
Origins, purposes, philosophy, compared to adult system, focusing on procedural safeguards of 1960-70s.
Paper Introduction:
Determining a defining moment in juvenile justice should mean identifying a key action which has had not only an immediate impact but also a long-term impact. Additionally, it should be a moment that would have a national impact as opposed to one confined to a single state, though such an impact might develop over time as an idea implemented in one state would spread slowly to others and then become an accepted element in the system. Admittedly, this might not be defined as a moment, but this has to be considered in the context of what went before and what came after, showing that the event, moment, or movement produced a major paradigm shift in the way the issue is viewed. The beginning of the juvenile justice system is itself a defining moment, suggesting the way the American court system would treat juvenile offenders after that time. However, while this paradigm preva
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JUVENILE CRIME & VIOLENCE.
Term Paper ID:25811
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Essay Subject:
Analyzes causes, changing patterns in 1980s-1990s, need for reform in juvenile system, statistics, future, drugs, media, race, role of parents, socioeconomics.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
12 sources, 22 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
Analyzes causes, changing patterns in 1980s-1990s, need for reform in juvenile system, statistics, future, drugs, media, race, role of parents, socioeconomics.
Paper Introduction:
TRENDS IN & POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS TO JUVENILE CRIME & VIOLENCE
Introduction
This research examines trends in and potential solutions to juvenile crime and violence. Trends in juvenile crime and violence are reviewed in the following section; a review that is followed by a discussion of some of the causes to which these trends are attributed; and then potential solutions to juvenile crime and violence are considered after the causes discussion.
Review of Trends in Juvenile Crime & Violence
Criminal anti-social behavior on the part of youth in the United States in the 1990s is shockingly high and increasing in frequency (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 1996). Persons under the age of 18 years old are responsible for approximately 32 percent of serious property crimes which are cleared by arrest an
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JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM.
Term Paper ID:25651
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Essay Subject:
Effectiveness & failures, origins in 20th Cent., purposes, procedures, state laws, arrest & detention, determination of status, hearings, examples, commitment & confinement.... More...
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11 Pages / 2475 Words
14 sources, 27 Citations,
APA Format
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Paper Abstract:
Effectiveness & failures, origins in 20th Cent., purposes, procedures, state laws, arrest & detention, determination of status, hearings, examples, commitment & confinement.
Paper Introduction:
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM
Introduction
This research paper summarizes the principal features of the juvenile justice system in the United States and comments on some major issues facing it. The juvenile justice system involves all the parties involved in dealing with the juvenile, parents and surrogate parents, schools, the police and prosecutors, probation departments, the courts, correctional institutions and a variety of community and social agencies which deal with the juvenile after he or she comes into contact with the law.
Origins and Broad Trends
Judge L. P. Edwards (1992) explained:
Established in the later nineteenth century, the juvenile court was for some a humanitarian institution intended to
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"MONSTER" (SANYIKA SHAKUR) & "ISLANDS IN THE STREET" (MARTIN JANKOWSKI).
Term Paper ID:25407
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Essay Subject:
Critical analysis of two books on gangs in Amer. society, Shakur's first-person account & Jankowski's sociological study.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
2 sources, 25 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Critical analysis of two books on gangs in Amer. society, Shakur's first-person account & Jankowski's sociological study.
Paper Introduction:
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CONTAINMENT THEORY OF CRIME.
Term Paper ID:25300
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Essay Subject:
Defines & assesses Walter Reckless's theory that crime is caused by individuals' trying to control, and being controlled by, their environment & their own minds.... More...
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11 Pages / 2475 Words
5 sources, 11 Citations,
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Paper Abstract:
Defines & assesses Walter Reckless's theory that crime is caused by individuals' trying to control, and being controlled by, their environment & their own minds.
Paper Introduction:
This discussion seeks to examine the containment theory of crime that Walter Reckless developed in the 1950s and 1960s, looking at both the strengths and weaknesses of the model and very briefly at the experiments Reckless and his colleagues used to test it. Reckless’s model is then compared to other “control” models of crime and these control models are then compared to a set of related but differing rational actor and social learning models of crime. Finally, both control theories and social learning theories are placed within the broader psychological literature on human cognitive development. The purpose of this discussion is to bring to light the underlying assumptions of a model as well as to assess the usefulness of different established models to current criminological theory.
Reckless’s “containment” theory of crime falls loosely into the c
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MEDIA AT JUVENILE PROCEEDINGS.
Term Paper ID:24400
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Essay Subject:
Examines media access, First Amendment vs. juveniles' right to confidentiality, shield laws, federal & state court decisions.... More...
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11 Pages / 2475 Words
15 sources, 60 Citations,
TURABIAN Format
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Paper Abstract:
Examines media access, First Amendment vs. juveniles' right to confidentiality, shield laws, federal & state court decisions.
Paper Introduction:
The Media's Right to Access Juvenile Proceedings
Introduction
The media do not have an unqualified right to access juvenile proceedings. Although the Supreme Court's decision in Richmond Newspapers, Inc. v. Virginia established the media's right of access to criminal trials, the purpose of an open trial is to protect the defendant's interests from possible prosecutorial or judicial abuse. This right of access does not apply to juvenile proceedings because anonymity and confidentiality often serve the juvenile's interests best. Thus, juvenile proceedings have traditionally been closed, and all 50 states now have some sort of shield law to promote confidentiality of juvenile proceedings.
Nonetheless, the First Amendment provides that "Congress shall m
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JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM.
Term Paper ID:24342
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Essay Subject:
History, rehabilitation vs. punishment, problems, need for reform, public & media views, juvenile's rights.... More...
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10 Pages / 2250 Words
11 sources, 18 Citations,
APA Format
$80.00
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Paper Abstract:
History, rehabilitation vs. punishment, problems, need for reform, public & media views, juvenile's rights.
Paper Introduction:
INTRODUCTION
The American system of juvenile corrections has numerous failures and few successes, and it is a system in crisis as the inner cities produce more and more street gangs, violence, and troubled youth. There are many reasons for the increase in these problems, and the programs developed to cope with them have not kept pace with the rate of change and have not served well to control juveniles or to address their problems. Yet, new programs are suggested all the time, showing that there is a realization of the need and an attempt to come to terms with it.
There has long been a tension in the system between the twin missions of punishment and rehabilitation, just as there is in the adult criminal justice system. With juveniles, however, there is the added belief that the offenders are less responsible
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